An Introduction to Biosafety Levels

An Introduction to Biosafety Levels

Biological agents, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi, are categorized into four biosafety levels (BSL), each indicating a different threat level. These levels increase progressively, with level one organisms posing the least risk and level four the greatest. This article details each biosafety level, explaining their necessity and providing examples of organisms handled at each level.

An graphic of expanding circles to depict a method for cheaper bacterial transformation.

When NOT to Wear a Lab Coat and Gloves: A Quick Guide to Personal Protective Equipment

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as your lab coat and gloves are an essential piece of kit when working in a laboratory; however, it is important to know when it is inappropriate to use PPE. 1)      Don’t wear your lab coat, gloves or other PPE in offices or dining areas. They may have become contaminated…

Do Hand Sanitizer and Liquid Hand Soap Remove Viruses?

Do Hand Sanitizer and Liquid Hand Soap Remove Viruses?

While reading my back issues of Applied and Environmental Microbiology (AEM), I came across an interesting paper that detailed an in-depth study on the effectiveness of hand cleaners to remove Norwalk virus (NV) from intentionally contaminated hands. Yes that’s right – intentionally contaminated, and how. The study volunteers allowed a 20% stool suspension containing Norwalk virus to be…