Overhang PCR: Add Missing DNA Sequences Using Primers
Need to add extra nucleotides to your plasmid or other DNA sample? Here’s how to use overhang PCR to easily add extra bases using primers.
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Need to add extra nucleotides to your plasmid or other DNA sample? Here’s how to use overhang PCR to easily add extra bases using primers.
The use of restriction enzymes to characterize DNA has been popular since the 1970s. Today, this “old school” technique is still one of the easiest and fastest ways to assess DNA sequences. Like most lab reagents, restriction enzymes can be fickle and you should bear a few things in mind when using them. Generally, sticky-ended enzymes have greater…
It is amazing to get that “Eureka!” moment or finally get that assay to work, but the downside of those moments is that we do face a lot of rejection. Scientists push the envelope of human knowledge and that means we have to deal with a fair amount of negativity in our line of work….
What is a luciferase assay and what is it useful for? A luciferase assay takes advantage of the innate bioluminescent properties some organisms exhibit, most notably the firefly. The firefly can convert luciferin to oxyluciferin in the presence of the enzyme luciferase to emit light. The most common scientific assays utilizing luciferase are reporter assays…
Variability is the Achilles’ heel of research. It can often confound our results and lead us astray searching for solutions. There are two kinds of variability, the first is biological variability. This represents the stochastic nature of the sample you are working with and the inherent differences between samples from the same conditions. There is…
Normal cells are unable to replicate past several rounds of proliferation (termed the Hayflick limit) as with each round of proliferation the telomeres shorten. When the telomeres reach a critically reduced length, DNA damage is triggered leading to cellular senescence. Therefore, if you tried to culture a primary cell population it would eventually die unless…
Want to measure how much mRNA you have in a particular sample? Easy! Make some cDNA, add some fluorescent DNA-intercalating dye, pop it into a quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) machine and Bob’s your uncle! You have your result! Easy right…? Not so fast. As with any scientific assay, qRT-PCR requires some optimization. First, you need…
Machine learning methods for challenging cells such as hepatocytes