Judith R. Brouwer

I’ve spent my pipetting days working on trinucleotide repeat disorders, first during my PhD. During my postdoc, I dived into the fascinating field of epigenetics. I then left the lab to focus on writing about science. A while ago, I decided to change fields and dedicate my time and thoughts to sustainability research.

Articles by Judith R. Brouwer

How to Screen for CpG Methylation by Methylation Specific PCR

How to Screen for CpG Methylation by Methylation Specific PCR

In a recent article, I gave some tips about how to obtain good results with sequencing DNA after bisulfite conversion (it contains some tips that apply to the approach described in this article, too). Bisulfite sequencing is a very useful technique if you want to know the methylation status of every CpG in your genomic…

7 Tips for Preparing Chromatin for ChIP from Tissues (Rather than Cells)

A commonly used technique in epigenetics is Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, or ChIP for short. This technique can show you whether a certain protein (e.g. transcription factor or histone modification) binds to DNA, when in its native conformation, namely chromatin. Insightful, but difficult This information can be very insightful, but difficult to obtain. Most protocols and suggestions…

10 Ways to Improve Your Bisulfite Sequencing Results

10 Ways to Improve Your Bisulfite Sequencing Results

The importance of epigenetics in biology is increasingly acknowledged (if you’re not convinced yet, read my crash course). One commonly studied epigenetic mark is CpG methylation: cytosines that are directly followed by a guanine nucleotide (indicated by CpG), can be methylated, unlike non-CpG Cs. Since attachment of a methyl group to a cytosine can affect…

The Pressure to Publish and Scientific Misconduct

Every once in a while a big case of scientific fraud reaches public attention. Does that mean these well-known cases are exceptions, a few rotten apples…or might the rest of the fruit bowl also be affected? A major part of a scientist’s work is to secure funding for future research. Obtaining funding is strongly connected…

A Crash Course in Epigenetics Part 4: Disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets

A Crash Course in Epigenetics Part 4: Disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets

After having discussed what epigenetic mechanisms are and how we’ve learnt about what they do, it is now time to look into how epigenetics affect our lives if things do not go the way they are supposed to go. I hope I have convinced you that epigenetic processes are vital for an organism, in development…

A Crash Course in Epigenetics Part 3: Regulated regulation

A Crash Course in Epigenetics Part 3: Regulated regulation

Epigenetics is the most rapidly expanding field in biology. In the second article in this series, I discussed which experimental techniques have been crucial in gaining insight into epigenetic processes. I will now shed light on what those and other methods have taught us. As described in the first article, it has been long understood…

A Crash Course in Epigenetics Part 2: The toolbox of the epigeneticist

A Crash Course in Epigenetics Part 2: The toolbox of the epigeneticist

In the past decade, important advances have been made in the field of epigenetics. Obviously, unraveling epigenetic mechanisms has been greatly facilitated by technological developments. I’ll try to give you an impression of the types of experiments that have helped fuel those new and exciting insights. Yevgeniy Grigoryev has recently written an article on DNA…

A Crash Course in Epigenetics Part 1: An intro to epigenetics

A Crash Course in Epigenetics Part 1: An intro to epigenetics

These days, epigenetics is a fast moving field. I don’t remember having learnt about it during my biomedical studies, some 10 years ago. Nowadays, there seems to be no way around it when studying health and disease. Increasing interest combined with recent technological breakthroughs have led to quickly expanding knowledge of its abundant and important…