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Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography Techniques

The Do’s and Don’ts of HPTLC 

This followup article on HPTLC gives a list of dos and don’ts while performing HPTLC to achieve precise and error-free results, and avoid false positives.

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Should You Switch from Wet to Dried Blood Samples?

A Spot of History Most of the biomedical methods used started as a curiosity. Then the one-off gains a limited use, the technology then progresses until its use becomes widespread. Just think about the arch from the curious polished glass spheres, used by Antony Levnhook to look at animalcules, to modern microscopes. The same story…

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Crash Course in Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is an extremely sensitive technique for measuring the absorption and intensity of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared region of the spectrum of either a solid, liquid or gas sample. You can use FTIR to: quantify unknown compounds identify unknown compounds study the detailed structured coordination of compounds How Does Fourier…

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Applying Your MALDI Matrix Like a Boss

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (or simply, MALDI) is a type of mass spectrometry method. If you are new to mass spectrometry, check out our excellent primers, titled How Does Mass Spec Work and Get Out of Western Blot Hell: An intro to Mass Spec. Basically, however, mass spectrometry allows you to measure, sort, and quantify small…

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Examining Cell Interactions with Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and Identifying Epitopes using SPR-Mass Spectrometry (MS)

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) offers highly efficient, label-free detection for quantifying biomolecular interactions in real-time. Two exciting SPR variants that have sprung up in recent years are SPR for cellular analysis and SPR-mass spectrometry (SPR-MS). SPR for cellular analysis allows you to study how cells attach to different substrates and each other, while SPR-mass spectrometry…

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The Importance of Metabolomics Research

Metabolomics may sound like a fictional character in the famous comic series “Asterix”, but it is very important in understanding systems biology and in clinical research against various diseases. Metabolomics is the last piece of a puzzle of omics applications following genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. It allows us to ask “What has happened and what…

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Critical Factors for Full Characterization of Biosimilars

Today, about half of all therapeutic drug approvals by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are for biological drugs. That number is expected to rise to 75 percent by 2025. When these biologics come off patent, the gates will open for a flood of biosimilar drugs (biopharmaceutical generics) that are designed to be much…

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Troubleshooting Surface Plasmon Resonance: Resolving Non-Specific Binding, Regeneration and Other Problems

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR), a label-free, real-time way to examine protein binding and other molecular interactions, is getting easier as manufacturers have streamlined SPR instruments and supporting software. But problems can still arise. Troubleshooting Your SPR Assay Here are some common issues and suggestions to solve them: Inactive Targets Your target protein may have become…

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Pack a Chromatography Column Like a Pro

You already learned the basics of column packing. When moving to more automated system using low pressure liquid chromatography systems, you can use pre-packed columns. But in order to compare several resins in specific conditions, and also to save money, you might need to pack your own low pressure columns. The art of packing a column…

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How to Clean and Unclog Your HPLC Column

In my last article, I discussed how to best keep your lab’s HPLC running smoothly. However, even the best-maintained HPLCs and columns need periodic cleaning. Today, I’ll describe how to identify and troubleshoot a clogged HPLC column. Columns Are Finite First of all, it’s important to realize that columns do have a finite lifetime. The…

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How to Separate Nucleotides Using Ion-paired Reverse Phase HPLC

If you work in the field of molecular biology, there is hardly a day that goes by that you don’t use nucleotides. But beyond the use of the four well-known deoxynucleotides in PCR, you can use nucleotides for several other applications. For example, kinases and phosphatases use nucleotides as substrates, and phosphotransferases transfer phosphate group…

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Under Pressure: Tips for Keeping Your HPLC Up and Running Properly

If you’re anything like me, your biggest lab fear is working with expensive equipment prone to damage. HPLC is a wonderful tool, capable of separating, identifying, and quantifying a vast array of compounds, but it requires an attentive scientist to properly handle and maintain each component. In this article I’ll describe a few basic handling…

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FTIR Spectroscopy: Every Window Needs a Good Acid Wash

Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR spectroscopy) is a useful and exquisitely sensitive technique used to identify and quantify unknown compounds, as well as study fine molecular details. However, to obtain a meaningful IR spectrum, it is not only important to prepare the sample correctly but also to learn how to clean the apparatus that houses…

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Gel Filtration Chromatography Media: What You Need to Know

Do you use pre-packed Superdex 75 or Superdex 200 columns for gel filtration chromatography? Ever wonder if other media could better address your purification needs? Look no further. Your quest ends here! But if you’re looking for information on gel filtration principles, check out this earlier article. Choosing a Column for your Gel Filtration Experiment…

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Fine-Tune Your MALDI-TOF to Produce Good-looking Mass Spectra

Mass Spec is all about getting the perfect peaks. Without a good peak assigning the correct mass is impossible and you cannot make accurate identifications. Make sure you know how to adjust your MALDI-TOF instrument parameters to achieve your perfect peak. In our previous posts ‘How does Mass Spec Work’ and ‘Imaging Mass Spectrometry: the…

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Troubleshooting Thin Layer Chromatography: Some TLC for Your TLC

The whole TLC technique sounds easy to do, but it can be difficult and tricky during interpretation or give unexpected results, especially when working with biomolecules. For this reason, it is important to be familiar with troubleshooting thin layer chromatography. Some of the common problems faced during TLC and their solutions are listed below: Solvent…

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How to Choose Your MALDI (Soul) Matrix

gif by Kronin Okay not talking about that kind of matrix. But the kind of matrix that is crucial for MALDI (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization). I talked briefly about MALDI in my last article, Imaging Mass Spectrometry: The New(ish) Kid on the Block. Now I want to tell you more about MALDI, specifically the matrix.…

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Thin Layer Chromatography: The Basics

Like most other chromatographic techniques, thin layer chromatography (TLC) separates out individual compounds from a mixture depending upon the polarity of each compound. The solvent system travels up a silica plate by capillary action and passes over the sample that you spot onto the plate. As the solvent travels up, it moves the compounds present…

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The Many Uses of Thin Layer Chromatography

While working as biologists, we often come across mixtures of compounds, and the first question that strikes our minds is ‘what are the components in this mixture?’ One might think of using chemical assays to find the presence of specific compounds. But that sounds painful, doesn’t it? Well, the good news is that thin layer…

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Getting the Most Out of Your Column: Optimizing Your HPLC Gradient

Let’s imagine the following scenario: You are researching a biosynthetic pathway in your favorite fungus. You know that this pathway produces a family of toxic compounds, and you want to see if you can block this pathway (or parts of it) with an antifungal drug. You have a control (no antifungal) and samples that have…

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How You Can Use HPLC In Your Research

If you’re an HPLC guru, then you probably think that everyone should be using HPLC.  And you might have a point – HPLC is very powerful and has broad applications across many fields.  But it isn’t the answer to every problem. HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) is used to separate mixtures of compounds based on their…

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The Seven Deadly Sins of HPLC

If you work with an HPLC, then you know the frustration of going to use the machine and finding it in disarray. If you’re new to using an HPLC, then the machine can be intimidating to use and you might not know the ins and outs of using it. Here’s an article that has a…

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Running You Through HPLC: How Does it Work?

Your advisor tells you that he wants you to use HPLC to analyze your compound. You know that you’ve heard of this technique before, but you can’t remember what HPLC stands for, let alone how to go about doing it! We’ve all been there, though. Fear not! In this article, we will remind you about…

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Running You Through HPLC: How Does it Work?

Your advisor tells you that he wants you to use HPLC to analyze your compound. You know you’ve heard of this technique before, but you can’t remember what HPLC stands for, let alone how to go about doing it! We’ve all been there, and I bet you wish you had paid more attention in that…

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