Why All Bioscientists Should Use Linux
A couple of weeks ago, Nick tried to convince us that we should all be using Macs. But why would you want to use a Mac (or a PC) when you could have an operating system that:
- Is free
- Does not slow down after a while and limit your productivity
- Does not need extra antivirus protection besides regular updates
- Has tens of thousands of programs available for free
- Has a vigorous community who are willing to help you solve any problems you might have?
That operating system is Linux. And I think that it is high time that more bioscientists got to know Linux so I have written this article to help YOU do so.
Linux is not (just) for computer geeks
You have probably heard of Linux. And you might think that it is complicated stuff, reserved for the bioinformatics geeks down the corridor. But this is no longer true.
Since emerging from a “garage project” run by Finnish software developer Linus Torvalds, Linux has benefited from the efforts of thousands (or tens of thousands) of developers who have built it into an extremely powerful operating system with a rich collection of free software to fulfill any requirement you might have.
Best of all it is a free, open source and community supported operating system that can be run right on the computer you are using now, with no need to remove your favorite operating system (be it Windows or Mac).
And before you ask if it is any good, what do you think most of the world’s top supercomputers run: OSX, Windows or Linux? The answer is here!
Know your distros
You don’t have to go to a computer shop to get Linux. It is available for free download from various websites in the form of distributions (or “distros”).
A variety of distros are available and the differences between them are in the types of software that comes packaged with the operating system. Many are specialized for specific tasks like graphic design, sound mixing/editing or performing scientific work (e.g. calculations or DNA alignments). You can find more information about distros here.
I recommend you try Linux out and see if it is better for you than the commercial operating system you are using now. I think you will be pleasantly surprised.
But where do you start? Here’s where:
Explore the power of Linux on your current machine without changing a thing
The easiest way of exploring Linux is to pick and download a “live” CD/DVD image, which can be burned onto a CD or DVD, inserted into your drive and after a restart you’ll have a basic, fully set up and working Linux environment without any alterations made to your computer.
And don’t worry, if you remove the disc from your drive and restart the computer, your old Windows or Mac OS will boot up as normal.
For first timers I’d recommend Ubuntu because this distro is compiled to be easy and convenient to use. But if you are feeling adventurous, there are many other examples of “live” distros here .
But be warned the live CD/DVD approach will not show you the full power of Linux. Everything will be a bit slower because it has to be loaded and unpacked on-the-fly from a slow optical disk!
Installing Ubuntu Linux on your current machine
If you like what you see, you can then install Linux on your hard drive very easily. Here’s the official guide on how to get set up an up-to-date Ubuntu system.
For the impatient here is what you need to do:
1. Make a backup!
Whenever you are delving into the workings of your computer you should make a full backup of your hard drive. Better safe than sorry.
2. Download and start the installer
Most distros have very beginner-friendly installer, so you do not have to worry about this process at all. Ubuntu has such an installer so, again I’d recommend it for your first Linux experience.
Download the installer and burn it onto a CD or DVD. Then you will be able to start the installer by double-clicking on its desktop icon.
3. Resize your hard disk
Most likely you will set up Linux as a second operating system. In this case you’ll need to have at least 5-6 GBs of free space on your hard drive, which needs to be partitioned off from the rest of your drive. This can be easily done on-the-fly during the installation process.
A standard Ubuntu system needs at least 5-6 GBs of free space where you can create the Linux specific partition(s). It is best to have at least two partitions:
- A 5 GB ext3 partition. This should have “/” as the mount point. Don’t worry — all will become clear during the installation.
- A 1 GB linux swap partition. This acts as the scratch disk, where Linux can use disk space as “virtual memory”. More information on partitioning, filesystems and mount points can be found here.
4. Choose your software
You can get all of the basics like a web browser, email clients, word processors, spreadsheets and media players by simply accepting (1 click!) the pre-selected, default set of to-be-installed packages from a huge list of available software.
If you need to have other programs on your computer than the default ones you can certainly select them in the installer as an option. As I mentioned earlier, there are a great number of bio-specific software packages out there that do great things, and they are all FREE.
There are too many to talk about here, so they will be the subject of our next article…. stay tuned!
5. If you ever need help, no problem.
If you have any problem you can even turn to the comprehensive online documentation and user forums for help. Since Linux and most of the programs built for it are open source which means that the core operating system and most of the utilities were born and brought up in a highly collaborative and open community so you should be able to find an answer to even the most difficult question.
As a reference you may want to bookmark this page: https://www.linux.org. If you like newsgroups check this list. Each distro usually has its own website where you can find documentation, help and user forums.
For Ubuntu users there is an enormous, separate site made only for user discussions. You can find it here. If you prefer books, a vast amount of literature exists on the subject, just check an online bookstore! And if you have a very specific problem (on Linux or anything else for that matter) don’t be afraid to use your favorite web search engine… it will help you a lot!
Discover some of the wonderful free software that is available for biologists using Linux.
Are you brave enough to try out Linux? Do you have any questions before you get started? Talk to us in the comments….
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why linux is considered good in Biosciences espeially in Bioinformatics…
I run linux at home because I have the time to tinker and play. And you do need this. When I first installed Ubuntu, I was very impressed with how well it detected and supported my hardware, until I tried to get sound working – that took a whole day of messing about on Forums, and don’t even get my started on how long it took to get my printer working….
So at work I use windows and soon OSX, because they ‘just work’. And when they don’t I complain to IT support and they fix it pretty quick. I don’t want to spend time maknig my work system work properly.
Any software that works on Linux can be made to work on OSX and most on windows (through cygwin). Almost all comes pre-compiled for OSX these days (it seems most coders treat it just like another linux distro), and much for windows. If it isn’t precompiled, it can always be compiled, although then we’re back in the tinkering to make it work territory.
As a mac user I think I endorse much of what Ann said and there are a lot of free mol.biol programmes readily available for macs and many can be aquired/ shared easily enough. But why this emphasis on ‘free’. Snow Leopard is Â?39 for a 5 user license – I sit down in front of Â?2500 worth of macs- as many of us do. Tell me when the OS costs Â?500 and I’ll get uppity ! All the standard stuff – iWork, Safari Mail etc etc. are there and I like them. Viruses/Malware not a real problem – easily download any security updates. Apple just let me know. In over 10 years of using macs I’ve never noticed a slow down Why complicate matters – do I want another partition ? A computer geek once told me to avoid problems “Keep it lean, Keep it clean” I’m certain there are people out there who need to exploit the advantages of Linux but I suspect the majority will stick to Macs + OS X – or the other one.
S.Bilko:
Thanks for your comment! You highlighted an important topic: freedom. If you are perfectly comfortable with your Mac, do not change! Be happy with it. As I pointed out in my response to Ann’s comments GNU/Linux is an alternative. It is now a mature, reliable and versatile OS/software environment that was born and it’s constantly developed to satisfy the needs of its user and developer community. I think freedom is good. You have choices. You are not bound to very expensive hardware and you won’t have to pay for future upgrades but it is not only about money. You don’t depend on one company’s marketing strategy. There is no “vendor lock-in”.
Openness is also an important feature of GNU/Linux. Like in science, the peer-review system and debates generate the most acceptable quality available. In case of proprietary or closed-source software there is only a small group of selected people who review quality compared to the open-source world where anyone can (actually many more) do the same.